Introduction: While enteral diets for hospitalized patients normally follow nutrient composition guidelines, more than 90% of hospitalized patients receive oral diets with unknown mineral composition. Objective: To evaluate the mineral contents and adequacy of three types of oral diets (regular, blend and soft) and complementary snacks offered to patients of a Brazilian hospital. Methods: The amount of minerals was determined in two non-consecutive days in duplicate samples of breakfast, collation, lunch, snack, dinner, supper and a complementary snack meal. Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) were used to determine the adequacy of the daily amounts served to patients. Results and discussion: The regular diet met the RDA (Recommended Dietary Allowances) requirements only for Mn, P and Se, while the blend diet was deficient in Ca, K and Mg, and the soft diet met RDA requirements only for P and Zn. Iron was below the RDA requirement in all diets for women in fertile age, and Na was above the safe limit of intake (UL) in all the diets. The use of complementary snack was effective in meeting RDA requirements for Cu in the regular diet, and Mn and Se in the soft diet, but promoted overconsumption of Na. Conclusions: Evident nutritional imbalances have been detected at a key interphase between nutrition and public health services, but a solution does not appear to be insurmountable. A permanent nutritional evaluation of hospital oral diets should be an integral part of routine health care in order to speed the recovery of the hospitalized patient and dispel eventual risks due to critical mineral imbalances.

Introducción: Mientras las dietas enterales para pacientes hospitalizados siguen normas de composición nutricional, más del 90% de los pacientes internados en Latinoamérica reciben dietas orales de composición mineral desconocida. Objetivo: Evaluar el contenido mineral y la adecuación de tres tipos de dietas orales (regular, blanda y fluida) y meriendas complementarias ofrecidas a los pacientes de un hospital brasilero. Métodos: La cantidad de minerales fue determinada en dos días no consecutivos, en duplo muestreo de desayuno, onces, almuerzo, merienda, cena y una merienda complementaria. Se usaron los Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) para determinar los grados de adecuación de cada porción diaria servida. Resultados y discusión: La dieta regular cumplió con la RDA (Recommended Dietary Allowances) solamente para Mn, P and Se. En cambio, la dieta blanda fue deficiente en Ca, K and Mg, y la dieta fluida cumplió con la RDA apenas para P and Zn. Sin embargo, el hierro permaneció abajo de la RDA en todas las dietas para mujeres en edad fértil, contrastando con el and Na, que se encontraba arriba del límite de seguridad (UL) en todas dietas. El apelo a meriendas complementarias fue un recurso que permitió alcanzar las exigencias de las RDA para Cu en la dieta regular, y Mn y Se en la dieta fluida. Conclusión: Desbalances nutricionales se hicieron evidentes en la interfase nutrición-servicios de salud pública, cuya solución no es insuperable. La evaluación nutricional de dietas orales de hospitales debería ser parte integral de la rutina en los servicios de salud para garantizar la más rápida recuperación de los pacientes e, inclusive, para minimizar los riesgos de agravamiento debidos a desbalances críticos de minerales.

ßS-Globin haplotypes were studied in 80 (160 ßS chromosomes) sickle cell disease patients from Salvador, Brazil, a city with a large population of African origin resulting from the slave trade from Western Africa, mainly from the Bay of Benin. Hematological and hemoglobin analyses were carried out by standard methods. The ßS-haplotypes were determined by PCR and dot-blot techniques. A total of 77 (48.1%) chromosomes were characterized as Central African Republic (CAR) haplotype, 73 (45.6%) as Benin (BEN), 1 (0.63%) as Senegal (SEN), and 9 (5.63%) as atypical (Atp). Genotype was CAR/CAR in 17 (21.3%) patients, BEN/BEN in 17 (21.3%), CAR/BEN in 37 (46.3%), BEN/SEN in 1 (1.25%), BEN/Atp in 1 (1.25%), CAR/Atp in 6 (7.5%), and Atp/Atp in 1 (1.25%). Hemoglobin concentrations and hematocrit values did not differ among genotype groups but were significantly higher in 25 patients presenting percent fetal hemoglobin (%HbF) > or = 10% (P = 0.002 and 0.003, respectively). The median HbF concentration was 7.54 ± 4.342% for the CAR/CAR genotype, 9.88 ± 3.558% for the BEN/BEN genotype, 8.146 ± 4.631% for the CAR/BEN genotype, and 4.180 ± 2.250% for the CAR/Atp genotype (P = 0.02), although 1 CAR/CAR individual presented an HbF concentration as high as 15%. In view of the ethnic and geographical origin of this population, we did not expect a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for CAR/CAR and BEN/BEN homozygous haplotypes and a high proportion of heterozygous CAR/BEN haplotypes since the State of Bahia historically received more slaves from Western Africa than from Central Africa.